Happiness and Hedonic Adaptation (with Rob Smith)
1. Understand Hedonic Adaptation
Recognize that things provide less enjoyment the more you get of them; this fundamental psychological concept should be considered in any decision where the goal is happiness to make better choices.
2. Prioritize Growth for Lasting Value
Focus on personal growth and helping relationship partners grow, as Maslow’s theory suggests we do not adapt to growth, providing a source of lasting value and disrupting satiation.
3. Invest in Experiences Over Goods
Choose to spend money on experiences (e.g., cooking classes, audiobook subscriptions) rather than material goods (e.g., kitchen tools, speakers) because experiences offer more variability, novelty, and influence how you spend your time, leading to slower satiation.
4. Be Strategic About Happiness
Approach happiness strategically by focusing on internal sources like mindfulness and gratitude, which are often more effective than devoting tremendous effort to external achievements that lead to rapid adaptation.
5. Address Your Biggest Life Problems
Actively work on your biggest, most tractable problems in life, as resolving these fundamental issues can provide the greatest leverage for increasing overall happiness and prevent them from overwhelming other domains.
6. Cultivate Gratitude to Shift Baseline
Practice gratitude (e.g., through journaling or specific triggers) to intentionally lower your ’neutral point’ or reference point for what’s normal, making you appreciate things you might otherwise take for granted and increasing overall life satisfaction.
7. Practice Acceptance for Losses
Align your reference point with reality, especially after a loss or negative event, to process the change and prevent prolonged negative feelings or risky behaviors aimed at ‘getting back to even.’
8. Enhance Experiences Through Mindfulness
Pay greater attention to experiences, even ordinary ones like eating or drinking, as this mindfulness can significantly enhance momentary enjoyment and combat rapid satiation.
9. Engage Variably with Stimuli
Interact with the same things in variable ways (e.g., eating pizza differently) to make them feel new and increase engagement, thereby slowing down satiation.
10. Optimize Consumption Rate for Pleasure
Consume pleasurable experiences at an optimal, slower rate (e.g., listening to a favorite song less frequently) to maximize enjoyment over time and avoid rapid adaptation.
11. Establish Meaningful Rituals
Create and engage in rituals (e.g., morning routines, annual traditions like a photo book) to infuse daily activities and shared experiences with greater happiness and meaning.
12. Reflect on Past Experiences
Actively look back on past experiences and memories (e.g., through photos), as recalling them can provide lasting value and pleasure, sometimes even more than the original experience itself.
13. Identify Hidden Benefits of Negative Patterns
When addressing a problem or negative behavior, ask if you’d hesitate to make it disappear instantly; this helps uncover any hidden benefits or resistances that must be addressed for effective change.
14. Challenge Adaptation to Problems
Actively identify and challenge problems you’ve become accustomed to, as long-standing issues can fade into the background and erode happiness even if you no longer consciously notice them.
15. Overcome Aversion to Problem-Solving
Recognize and overcome the natural aversion to facing difficult problems, as the initial discomfort of addressing them is crucial for achieving long-term happiness and growth.
16. Consider Satiation in Major Decisions
When making significant life decisions, like accepting a new job with a higher salary but longer commute, explicitly consider how quickly you will satiate to both the positive and negative aspects to make a better choice for lasting happiness.
17. Recognize Money’s Happiness Limit
Understand that beyond a certain income level (e.g., $80,000-$100,000), additional money may not significantly increase momentary happiness because it’s often spent on things that lead to rapid satiation.
18. Beware of Affective Forecasting Errors
Be aware of the systematic bias where people underpredict adaptation or satiation when forecasting future happiness, which can lead to mistaken illusions about the lasting joy from purchases or achievements.