The Pregnancy Doctor: Pregnancy Halves Every Year After 32! If You Want 2+ Children, You Need To Know This! If You Experience This Pain, Go See A Doctor!

Jun 3, 2024
Overview

Dr. Natalie Crawford, a fertility doctor, explains the rising infertility rates, emphasizing proactive reproductive health. She details the science of eggs and sperm, lifestyle impacts, and interventions like egg/embryo freezing, while addressing stigmas and the emotional toll of fertility struggles.

At a Glance
19 Insights
2h 23m Duration
16 Topics
10 Concepts

Deep Dive Analysis

Introduction to Fertility and Dr. Natalie's Mission

Rising Infertility Rates and Societal Factors

Male Fertility: Sperm Production and Decline

Environmental Factors Impacting Male Fertility

Female Fertility: The Egg Vault Analogy and Egg Decline

Understanding Ovarian Reserve and AMH Testing

Lifestyle Choices for Optimizing Fertility

The Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Explained

Optimizing Intercourse for Conception

Infertility Diagnosis and Seeking Medical Help

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): Causes and Impact

Endometriosis: Understanding the Inflammatory Condition

IVF and Embryo Banking: Modern Fertility Interventions

Misconceptions and Stigma in Fertility Treatment

The Role of Birth Control and Understanding Your Body

Final Advice for Those Struggling with Fertility

Ovarian Reserve

This refers to the number of eggs remaining in a woman's 'vault' (ovaries), which naturally declines over time. It can be assessed through an AMH blood test and an ultrasound to see how many eggs are available in a given month.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

FSH is a hormone released from the brain that acts as 'food' for eggs, stimulating one egg (within a follicle) to grow each month in women. In men, it controls sperm production.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Once an egg is mature and estrogen levels are high enough, the brain releases LH, which causes the follicle to rupture and release the egg (ovulation). LH then stimulates the remaining follicle to become a corpus luteum.

Corpus Luteum

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into a cyst called the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. This progesterone is crucial for opening and closing the implantation window in the uterus.

Implantation Window

This is a specific, time-sensitive period when the uterus is receptive to an embryo implanting. It is regulated by the hormone progesterone, which is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation.

Hypothalamic Dysfunction

This occurs when the hypothalamus (the brain's 'airport control station' for hormones) misinterprets signals from the body, such as extreme stress or calorie restriction, and consequently shuts down the production of reproductive hormones like FSH and LH, leading to irregular or absent periods.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a condition often linked to being born with more eggs in the ovarian vault, leading to a miscommunication between the ovary and the brain. This results in diluted FSH signals, irregular or absent ovulation, and increased testosterone production, which can cause symptoms like acne, facial hair, and insulin resistance.

Endometriosis

An inflammatory autoimmune condition where cells similar to the uterine lining (endometrium) grow outside the uterus. These implants respond to estrogen, causing chronic inflammation and pain, and can damage eggs or obstruct fallopian tubes, contributing significantly to infertility.

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

IVF is a fertility treatment where eggs are retrieved from a woman's ovaries, fertilized with sperm in a laboratory dish ('in vitro'), and the resulting embryos are grown and often genetically tested before being transferred into the uterus.

Embryo Banking

This process involves undergoing IVF to create and freeze multiple embryos for future use. It is a strategy to preserve fertility and increase the chances of having multiple children, especially for those who delay childbearing or have conditions like PCOS or endometriosis.

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How many eggs is a woman born with and how does this change over time?

A woman is born with 1-2 million eggs, has about half a million by puberty, starts reproductive years with 300,000, and less than a thousand by the time she enters menopause.

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How often should men ejaculate to optimize fertility?

Ejaculating somewhere between every day to every three to four days is optimal. Waiting longer than seven days can lead to an accumulation of dead sperm, which can impair the function of healthy sperm.

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Do phones and laptops impact male fertility?

Modern phones emit less radiation than older models, and recent studies show less impact on sperm count from phone usage. However, heat from laptops directly on the lap or daily hot baths can increase testicular temperature, negatively affecting sperm and testosterone production.

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Does Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) affect male fertility?

Yes, TRT acts as a form of male birth control. Taking external testosterone signals the brain to stop producing its own, which also halts sperm production, leading to no sperm in the ejaculate (azospermia), and this can sometimes be irreversible.

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Does having a lower egg count (ovarian reserve) impact a woman's monthly chance of getting pregnant?

No, a lower egg count does not directly impact the monthly chance of getting pregnant, as only one egg is typically ovulated regardless of the total reserve. However, it signifies less overall opportunity for conception and fewer eggs available for fertility treatments like IVF.

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What lifestyle changes can optimize fertility for both men and women?

Optimizing fertility involves avoiding toxic behaviors (cigarettes, marijuana, excessive alcohol), limiting environmental toxins (from plastics, Teflon, thermal paper receipts), decreasing chronic inflammation (through adequate sleep, stress reduction, and a healthy diet), and engaging in regular, moderate exercise.

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What is considered a normal menstrual cycle?

A normal menstrual cycle is regular and predictable, typically lasting between 24 to 35 days, allowing a woman to anticipate her period within a couple of days of certainty.

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When is the fertile window for conception?

The fertile window is the five days leading up to ovulation and the day of ovulation itself, as sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to five days, and an egg is viable for about 24 hours after release.

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How long should couples try to conceive naturally before seeking medical help?

If under 30, try for a year; if over 30, try for six months. However, if there are irregular periods or inability to complete intercourse, medical consultation should be sought immediately, regardless of the duration of trying.

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Does female orgasm increase the chance of fertility?

Yes, uterine contractions during female orgasm are known to help propel sperm towards the fallopian tubes faster, potentially aiding in conception.

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Is birth control healthy?

The birth control pill is not inherently unhealthy and can be medically beneficial for conditions like endometriosis or severe PMS. However, using it to mask underlying issues like irregular periods without diagnosis can delay understanding one's reproductive health and cause frustration later.

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What is the optimal age for an average person to consider freezing their eggs if they're not ready for a family?

Studies suggest that for the average person, 32 or 33 is the optimal time to intervene and consider freezing eggs, based on the decline in egg count and quality relative to typical conception timelines.

1. Prioritize Sleep for Fertility

Aim for 7.5 to 8 hours of sleep nightly, as it’s crucial for cellular repair and hormone production, directly impacting reproductive hormone systems and overall fertility. This is cited as the simplest yet most impactful lifestyle change for improving reproduction.

2. Adopt a Fertility-Friendly Diet

Prioritize a diet high in fruits and vegetables to lower inflammation. Limit processed foods, refined sugar, processed meats, and refined carbohydrates, and opt for whole-fat dairy over skimmed versions, while moderating red meat and fish consumption.

3. Reduce Chronic Stress Daily

Dedicate 20 minutes daily to stress-reducing activities without screens, such as walking, therapy, mindfulness, or journaling. Chronic stress and cortisol production can cloud the brain’s judgment and impair reproductive hormone production.

4. Engage in Moderate Daily Exercise

Exercise daily (e.g., 60 minutes or less) to improve hormone function, combat insulin resistance, manage weight, and reduce stress. Avoid over-exercising to the point of menstrual cycle disruption, as this can signal to the brain that the body cannot support a pregnancy.

5. Eliminate Toxic Behaviors

Eliminate smoking cigarettes, marijuana, and cocaine, as these significantly decrease egg count, egg quality, sperm count, sperm motility, and increase miscarriage rates. Vaping appears similarly harmful.

6. Limit Environmental Toxin Exposure

Reduce exposure to toxins by avoiding cooking in plastic, microwaving/dishwashing plastic, using Teflon pans, and touching thermal paper receipts. Transfer takeout food from its containers to glass or a plate, especially when heated, to prevent chemical leaching.

7. Monitor Female Ovarian Reserve

Women should consider checking their ovarian reserve (AMH blood test and ultrasound) even if not actively trying to conceive or experiencing infertility. This data empowers informed decisions about family planning, such as freezing eggs or trying to conceive sooner.

8. Avoid TRT When Conceiving

Men should avoid Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) if they plan to conceive, as it acts as male birth control by signaling the brain to stop producing natural testosterone and sperm. This can potentially lead to irreversible absence of sperm (azoospermia).

9. Optimize Male Sperm Health

Men should aim for ejaculation every 1 to 4 days (every day to every three to four days) to optimize sperm quality. Waiting too long (over 7 days) increases dead sperm, which can hinder the function of healthy sperm.

10. Prevent Testicular Overheating

Men should be mindful of activities that significantly increase scrotal temperature, such as daily sauna or hot tub use, prolonged laptop use on the lap, or intense cycling. This can negatively impact sperm and testosterone production.

11. Address Irregular or Absent Periods

If not on contraception, irregular or absent periods are not normal and warrant a doctor’s visit. They can indicate underlying issues detrimental to long-term health, including increased risk of metabolic disease and endometrial cancer.

12. Seek Early PCOS/Endometriosis Diagnosis

If diagnosed with PCOS or endometriosis, seek fertility evaluation without delay, rather than waiting the traditional 12 months. These conditions significantly increase infertility risk, so proactive testing and a game plan are crucial before attempting conception.

13. Consider Egg/Embryo Freezing

For women not ready to have children by age 32-33 but who desire a family, consult a fertility doctor to evaluate ovarian reserve and discuss egg or embryo freezing. This proactive step can preserve fertility, especially for those wanting multiple children or facing conditions that accelerate egg loss.

14. Understand IVF and Genetic Testing

IVF involves fertilizing eggs outside the body, and genetic testing can identify chromosomally normal embryos, increasing success rates and preventing severe genetic conditions. Transfer one genetically normal embryo at a time for optimal outcomes.

15. Maintain Regular Sexual Activity

Do not ‘save up’ sperm by having less sex; regular intercourse (every day or every other day) ensures a healthy supply of sperm. Sperm can live in the female reproductive tract for up to five days, optimizing the chances of fertilization.

16. Disregard Post-Sex Fertility Myths

After intercourse, there’s no need to prop hips up, keep feet in the air, or avoid urinating, as sperm reach the fallopian tubes within minutes. Urinating can help prevent urinary tract infections, and female orgasm can aid sperm transport.

17. Evaluate Birth Control Holistically

Birth control pills are not inherently unhealthy and can treat conditions like endometriosis or PMDD, but using them to mask irregular periods without diagnosing the underlying cause can delay addressing fertility issues. Consider stopping contraception before actively trying to conceive to understand your body’s natural cycle.

18. Seek Second Opinions in Treatment

If undergoing fertility treatment without success, do not hesitate to seek a second opinion. A fresh perspective can offer new strategies or insights, ensuring you are comfortable with your treatment choices and maximizing your limited reproductive window.

19. Prioritize Open Communication, Support

Discuss family planning goals with your partner early on, and if struggling with fertility, share your journey with trusted friends and family. This helps receive support and alleviates the burden of isolation, as people often want to help but can’t if they don’t know.

Every time somebody said, 'I wish I'd known this earlier. I can't believe I wasn't taught this. Why isn't this the stuff that we're taught?' Because I might've made different decisions earlier in my life.

Dr. Natalie Crawford

You can't control everything, but you should be able to control the factors you can.

Dr. Natalie Crawford

Taking testosterone yourself is telling your brain that there is testosterone present... So the hormones from your brain stop being sent out and no longer tell your testicle to make any more testosterone or any more sperm. So TRT use makes men azuspermic, meaning having no sperm in the ejaculate.

Dr. Natalie Crawford

It's not information to scare people, but it is information that nobody talks about.

Dr. Natalie Crawford

Sleep is probably the number one thing that people don't do that does impact their reproductive hormone system.

Dr. Natalie Crawford

The traditional mentality to infertility is so reactive. You have to prove to me you have a problem before I go and test it.

Dr. Natalie Crawford

The world has a way of sometimes making sense that are so hard when you're in the midst of the pain to understand. And I tell my patients that same thing over and over, that in the journey, it doesn't make sense. But that's not your job in the journey to understand the whys. It's to keep going and not give up.

Dr. Natalie Crawford

Optimizing Male Fertility

Dr. Natalie Crawford
  1. Avoid toxic behaviors such as smoking cigarettes, marijuana, and cocaine.
  2. Limit exposure to environmental toxins by avoiding cooking in plastic, microwaving plastic, using Teflon pans, touching thermal paper receipts, and eating takeout food directly from its containers (transfer to glass or a plate).
  3. Decrease chronic inflammation by prioritizing 7.5 to 8 hours of sleep per night, actively managing stress, and consuming a healthy diet.
  4. Engage in regular, moderate exercise (60 minutes or less daily) to improve hormone function and combat insulin resistance.
  5. Maintain optimal testicular temperature by avoiding daily saunas, hot tubs, placing laptops directly on the lap, and prolonged cycling sessions (which generate heat in the scrotum area).
  6. Ejaculate regularly, ideally every day to every three to four days, to ensure healthy sperm turnover and prevent accumulation of dead sperm.

Optimizing Female Fertility

Dr. Natalie Crawford
  1. Avoid toxic behaviors such as smoking cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and moderate to high alcohol intake (more than four drinks a week).
  2. Limit exposure to environmental toxins by avoiding cooking in plastic, microwaving plastic, using Teflon pans, touching thermal paper receipts, and eating takeout food directly from its containers (transfer to glass or a plate).
  3. Decrease chronic inflammation by prioritizing 7.5 to 8 hours of sleep per night, actively managing stress, and consuming a healthy diet.
  4. Engage in regular, moderate exercise (60 minutes or less daily) to improve hormone function and combat insulin resistance.
  5. Consume a fertility-friendly diet that is high in fruits and vegetables (for fiber and antioxidants) and limits processed foods, refined sugar, and processed meats.
  6. If consuming dairy, opt for whole-fat versions in moderation, as skimmed or low-fat dairy may be more processed and less beneficial.
  7. Consider incorporating 'Meatless Mondays' and limiting red meat consumption to about one serving per day, while fish is a good alternative (limited to three times per week due to mercury risk).

Family Planning for Individuals with PCOS or Endometriosis

Dr. Natalie Crawford
  1. Have an honest and proactive conversation about desired family size and timeline with your partner.
  2. Get your ovarian reserve checked (via AMH blood test and ultrasound) to understand your current egg count, as these conditions can accelerate egg loss.
  3. Before actively trying to conceive, ensure your fallopian tubes are open and assess your partner's sperm quality.
  4. If you desire a larger family or are delaying conception, consider early intervention strategies like egg freezing or embryo banking to preserve future options.
  5. Do not adhere to the traditional waiting period of 6-12 months of trying before seeking medical advice; consult a doctor immediately due to the known association of these conditions with infertility.
1-2 million
Eggs a woman has at birth This is the maximum number of eggs a woman will ever have.
300,000
Eggs a woman has during reproductive years Starting point for reproductive years.
50%
Chance of miscarriage at age 40 If a positive pregnancy test is seen.
1 out of 5
Infertility rate in U.S. women trying to conceive for the first time Increased from 1 out of 8 previously.
5%
Percentage of people starting families over age 30 in the 1970s Compared to current rates.
25-30%
Current percentage of people starting families over age 30 A significant increase from the 1970s.
1.3
Average number of children a single woman in the US has Current average.
50%
Decrease in global sperm counts over 50 years Alarming decline.
Double
Rate of sperm count decrease in the past 10 years Compared to the prior 40 years.
200-300 million
Sperm produced by average man per day High rate of daily production.
1,500
Sperm produced by average man per second Continuous production.
90 days
Sperm lifespan 72 days to grow, 18 days to exit the ejaculatory system.
5 days
Maximum time sperm can live in female reproductive tract Most live 2-3 days.
Longer than 7 days
Abstinence period increasing dead sperm Severely increases debris and dead sperm proportion.
6-7 million
Maximum eggs a female fetus has (at 5 months gestation) Highest number of eggs in a lifetime.
400-500
Eggs ovulated over a woman's lifetime Only a small fraction of total eggs are ovulated.
51-52
Average age of menopause Can vary widely, with some experiencing it much earlier.
20
Approximate eggs released from vault per month at age 30 One will ovulate, 19 will die.
14-15
Approximate eggs released from vault per month at age 35 One will ovulate, the rest die.
8-10
Approximate eggs released from vault per month at age 40 One will ovulate, the rest die.
3-4
Approximate eggs released from vault per month at age 44 One will ovulate, the rest die.
After 37
Age of rapid decline in remaining eggs More rapid decline in egg count and quality.
Close to 20,000
Eggs remaining at age 37 Significant drop from earlier ages.
25%
Chance of miscarriage at age 35 If a positive pregnancy test is seen.
10-15%
Chance of getting pregnant per month at age 35 Not very high.
5%
Chance of getting pregnant per month at age 40 Dramatic drop from age 35.
4 drinks a week
Moderate to high alcohol consumption Associated with reduced egg quality.
7.5-8 hours
Recommended sleep per night For cellular repair and healing, crucial for hormone function.
3 times per week
Recommended limit for fish consumption Due to risk of mercury exposure.
24-35 days
Typical length of a normal menstrual cycle From day one of bleeding to the day before the next period.
24 hours
Lifespan of an egg after ovulation Must be fertilized within this window.
20%
Chance of pregnancy per month at age 30 For couples trying to conceive.
6 months
Time most people aged 30 should be pregnant within If trying regularly.
10-13%
Official prevalence of PCOS Of the population.
70%
Percentage of PCOS patients who are undiagnosed Suggests true prevalence is much higher.
10%
Prevalence of endometriosis in all women A common inflammatory condition.
30-50%
Prevalence of endometriosis in infertility patients Significantly higher in those struggling to conceive.
2-3
Genetically normal embryos for each desired child Recommended for optimizing success with IVF.
65%
Chance of live birth with one genetically normal embryo transfer High success rate for a single euploid embryo.
88%
Cumulative chance of live birth after two genetically normal embryo transfers Not transferred at once, but over two attempts.
95%
Cumulative chance of live birth after three genetically normal embryo transfers Not transferred at once, but over three attempts.
Over 99%
Embryo survival rate after freeze-thaw Embryos are much more robust than eggs.
90%
Egg survival rate after freeze-thaw Improved significantly, but not 100%.
$10,000
Average cost of egg freezing in the US Approximately half the cost of full IVF.
$20,000
Average cost of IVF with genetic testing in the US Includes the full process.
$500-$1,500
Average annual storage fees for frozen eggs/embryos Varies by clinic.
0.5%
Natural rate of identical twinning In nature.
2-3%
IVF rate of identical twinning (single embryo transfer) Slightly increased due to the IVF process.
21
Average age US woman had first baby in 1970 Compared to 2022.
27
Average age US woman had first baby in 2022 Increased by six years since 1970.