Thinking like a gardener not a builder, organizing teams like slime mold, the adjacent possible, and other unconventional product advice | Alex Komoroske (Stripe, Google)
1. Adopt a Gardener Mindset
Approach problems and product building with a “gardener” mindset, focusing on cultivating things that can grow on their own, rather than a “builder” mindset of rigid plans. This allows you to “farm for miracles” by directing and curating efforts, potentially creating more value than the effort invested, and responding to what naturally thrives.
2. Design for Emergence
Create opportunities for bottom-up emergence within organizations and product development, rather than relying solely on top-down control. Emergence is a powerful force that can lead to solutions you didn’t even know you were searching for, and allows for greater impact by leveraging collective agency and unexpected growth.
3. Cultivate Curiosity and Play with AI
In the early stages of AI technology, prioritize curiosity and play by actively experimenting with LLMs and Gen AI tools. This helps discover “odd, interesting, weird, provocative, generative things” and new patterns, as existing playbooks may be outdated due to changed cost structures.
4. Develop Distinctive Taste
Focus on developing “good taste,” meaning a unique and compelling perspective that differentiates your work from the average or AI-generated “slop.” In an era of reduced information production costs, having a distinctive taste is crucial for standing out and resonating with others.
5. Leverage LLMs as an Electric Bike
Use LLMs (like Claude) as a personal thought partner to explore problem domains, name concepts, generate examples, and critique ideas. This allows you to cover vast “idea spaces” much more quickly and without the social or financial cost of engaging human experts for early-stage exploration.
6. Create Space for Deep Reflection
Intentionally carve out dedicated time and space for deep thinking and reflection, such as weekly note processing or a meeting-free day. This practice is essential for distilling insights, finding patterns, and identifying high-impact actions that can save significant future effort and lead to “oh my God” moments.
7. Document Repeated Learnings
If you find yourself repeatedly explaining the same strategic concept or change to multiple people, memorialize it in a document. This saves time by allowing others to access the information independently, and ensures valuable insights are preserved for future reference.
8. Understand Organizational Kayfabe
Recognize that organizations often operate with “kayfabe,” where everyone knows something is fake (e.g., overly optimistic status reports) but acts like it’s real. Acknowledging this emergent dynamic helps you navigate systemic pressures, make grounded decisions, and understand why direct challenges to the false narrative can be dangerous.
9. Cultivate “Nerd Clubs”
Initiate or join small, optional, and “secret” groups with explicit norms for collaborative, “yes, and” debate, and a focus on intrinsic enjoyment. These low-stakes environments foster open exploration of half-formed ideas, leverage diverse perspectives, and stochastically generate game-changing insights.
10. Build Community Momentum
When starting a “nerd club,” begin with a small, actively engaged core, incrementally add diverse members, actively prune unproductive interactions, and encourage sharing with positive reinforcement. This approach ensures the community remains generative, self-sustaining, and a safe space for experimentation, leading to valuable insights and growth.
11. Implement “Always Rules” for Habits
For self-control and habit formation, establish “always rules” (clear, black-and-white, sustainable actions) rather than “sometimes rules.” Always rules are easier to adhere to, prevent breaking streaks, and reduce decision fatigue, making it simpler to maintain productive behaviors like daily workouts.
12. Play Yourself Like a Fiddle
Understand your personal energy levels and work patterns, then structure your day to leverage them, such as tackling small, easy tasks for energy boosts or creating artificial time constraints. This maximizes your flow state, makes daunting tasks more manageable, and helps you become “wildly more productive” by aligning with your natural working style.
13. Capture Ideas Immediately
When an interesting idea or “muse hits,” immediately capture it, even if it’s just a rough 30-minute draft. This “first act of creation” is crucial for preserving insights, as delaying capture often leads to the idea being lost or forgotten.
14. Do What Energizes and Makes You Proud
Prioritize activities that intrinsically give you energy and that you would genuinely be proud to reflect on in the long term. This alignment with personal values provides “infinite energy,” makes you indefatigable, and helps ensure your work is meaningful and prevents becoming a “husk of yourself.”
15. Embrace the Adjacent Possible
When planning strategy or product roadmaps, focus on the “adjacent possible”—small, almost certainly workable actions directly within reach. This approach reduces risk, allows for full agency in decision-making, and enables you to “arc to wildly different outcomes” through a series of safe, reasonable steps, rather than risky “flying leaps.”
16. Combine North Star with Incremental Steps
Define a low-resolution, plausible “North Star” 3-5 years out that inspires universal high-fives, then take incremental steps from the “adjacent possible” that have the steepest gradient towards it. This approach balances long-term vision with actionable, low-risk steps, preventing aimless “random walking” (only incremental) and unachievable “castles in the sky” (only long-term).
17. Challenge False Precision
Be skeptical of demands for “false precision” in strategic planning or forecasting, especially in uncertain environments (e.g., exact numbers for distant future outcomes). Such demands often serve as a “comfort blanket” to mask uncertainty at great expense, distracting from the true “orders of magnitude” impact of strong ideas.
18. Hold Expectations Lightly
Manage your expectations by holding them lightly and being willing to adjust them based on reality. Happiness can be viewed as “reality minus expectations”; since reality is hard to change, adjusting expectations is an easier path to contentment and reduces disappointment when things don’t go perfectly.
19. See Future Humor Now
When facing frustrating or difficult situations, try to envision how the event will be a funny story in 10 years and find the humor in it now. This perspective helps to reframe immediate challenges, reduce current stress, and cultivate a more resilient mindset.
20. Find Seeds of Greatness in Others
Assume everyone you interact with possesses “seeds of greatness” and approach them with respect, seeking to “steel-man” their most compelling ideas. This fosters a compassionate and generative environment, maximizes direct and indirect value creation, and encourages others to stretch their agency and be more receptive to feedback.
21. Embrace Awe and Curiosity
Actively cultivate and embrace feelings of awe, wonder, and curiosity in your life and work. These emotions are crucial for being open to disconfirming evidence, seeing beyond current limitations, and preventing your ego from constructing a world that avoids challenging information, ultimately leading to personal and systemic strength.